Optical conductivity of colossal magnetorestistance compounds: Role of orbital degeneracy in the ferromagnetic phase

Recent optical conductivity $\sigma(\omega)$ experiments have revealed an anomalous spectral distribution in the ferromagnetic phase of the perovskite system $La_{1-x}Sr_xMnO_3$. Using finite temperature diagonalization techniques we investigate $\sigma(\omega)$ for a model that contains only the $e_g$-orbital degrees of freedom. Due to strong correlations the orbital model appears as a generalized t-J model with anisotopic interactions and 3-site hopping. In the orbital t-J model $\sigma(\omega)$ is characterized by a broad incoherent spectrum with increasing intensity as temperature is lowered, and a Drude peak with small weight, consistent with experiment. Our calculations for two-dimensional systems, which may have some particular relevance for the double-layer manganites, show that the scattering from orbital fluctuations can explain the order of magnitude of the incoherent part of $\sigma(\omega)$ in the low temperature ferromagnetic phase. Moreover orbital correlation functions are studied and it is shown that $x^2$-$y^2$ orbital order is prefered in the doped planar model at low temperature.Comment: Revtex, 14 pages, 14 figure

I\u27m Happy All The Time

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/3911/thumbnail.jp

Virtual Teams In Higher Education: The Light And Dark Side

Students and faculty are grappling with learning teams in the online environment - more than half of all higher education organizations offer online courses (Hoffman, 2006). As online course developers try to replicate the best practices of traditional classrooms, the asynchronous technology of the Internet has added great capability while also increasing the confusion that distance in space and time can add to the learning process. This study conducted a qualitative survey of online learning teams using content analysis by three researchers and grounded theory by the fourth researcher. Analysis of the rich text responses prompted the researchers to propose a model for online team development that reflected the functionality or dysfunctionality of teams. Key influences related to the internal or external locus of control of conscientious students. Key findings include strong connections between conscientiousness and attitude towards teamwork on the input side with satisfaction and trust for outcomes. Unlike other research, these online teams linked performance not to pedagogy, but conscientiousness, attitude towards teamwork, and trust. Technology did not hinder performance, suggesting that the new generation of learners is more comfortable with online interactions. The study detected a new factor, team leadership, as a core issue limiting learning and success within teams

A Study of Existing Cross-Site Scripting Detection and Prevention Techniques Using XAMPP and VirtualBox

Most operating websites experience a cyber-attack at some point. Cross-site Scripting (XSS) attacks are cited as the top website risk. More than 60 percent of web applications are vulnerable to them, and they ultimately are responsible for over 30 percent of all web application attacks. XSS attacks are complicated, and they often are used in conjunction with social engineering techniques to cause even more damage. Although prevention techniques exist, hackers still find points of vulnerability to launch their attacks. This project explored what XSS attacks are, examples of popular attacks, and ways to detect and prevent them. Using knowledge gained and lessons-learned from analyzing prior XSS incidents, a simulation environment was built using XAMPP and VirtualBox. Four typical XSS attacks were launched in this virtual environment, and their potential to cause significant damage was measured and compared using the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Calculator. Recommendations are offered for approaches to impeding XSS attacks including solutions involving sanitizing data, whitelisting data, implementing a content security policy and statistical analysis tools

MHD flow and heat transfer in a rectangular duct

MHD Strömung und Wärmeübergang in einem Rechteckkanal Lediglich eine profunde Kenntnis des Wärmeübertragungsverhaltens laminarer und turbulenter magnetohydrodynamischer (MHD) Strömungen erlaubt eine adäquate Auslegung von Wärmeübertragern, zum Beispiel von Flüssigmetallblankets, oder eine Steuerung industrieller Verfahren durch den Einsatz von MHD Effekten. In diesem Bericht wird die experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung einer MHD-Strömung in einem Rechteckkanal mit elektrisch leitenden Wänden vorgestellt. Ein äußeres konstantes Magnetfeld B steht senkrecht auf der Kanalachse und ist ebenfalls senkrecht zum Wärmestrom , der von einem Strahlungsheizer erzeugt wird. Im Kanal werden sowohl integrale Größen wie der Druckverlust und die Nusselt-Zahl aber auch lokale Größen, zum Beispiel die Temperatur an der Fluid-Wand-Grenzfläche, die Geschwindigkeit und die lokale Temperatur ermittelt. Der untersuchte Parameterbereich umfaßt: Hartmann-Zahlen 0£ M£ 5000, Reynolds-Zahlen 0£ Re£ 1.3.105 und Peclet-Zahlen 0£ Pe£ 2900 . Der gemessene Druckverlust stimmt mit der analytischen Lösung für eine zweidimensionale MHD-Strömung in nahezu dem gesamten untersuchten Parameterbereich überein. Lediglich für Hartmann-Zahlen M£ 350 und Re³ 7.104 wird ein höherer Druckverlust ermittelt. Beim Überschreiten einer kritischen Reynoldszahl Recrit von Recrit=100.M entspricht der MHD-Druckverlust dem einer turbulenten hydrodynamischen Rohrströmung. Die Temperatur- und Geschwindigkeitsverteilung im Kanal, die mit einer kombinierten Temperatur- und Geschwindigkeitsmeßsonde (TEMPO) ermittelt wurde, stimmt mit den berechneten Werten für eine laminare MHD-Strömung überein. Die Nusselt-Zahl an der Wand ist bei MHD-Strömungen aufgrund der wandnahen Geschwindigkeitsüberhöhungen (den sogenannten Seitenwandjets), die sich an Wänden parallel zum Magnetfeld ausbilden und direkt dem Wärmestrom ausgesetzt ist, um ca. 30% größer als in einer hydrodynamischen Strömung. Bei großen M und sehr großen Re entspricht der Wärmeübergang der turbulenten MHD Strömung dem Wärmeübergang wie er auch in einer laminaren Strömung ermittelt wird. Der Grund dafür ist, daß die thermische Grenzschicht sich noch im Bereich der viskosen laminaren Grenzschicht befindet und somit leistet lediglich die molekulare Wärmeleitung einen Beitrag zur Wärmeübertragung. Bei bestimmten Parameterkonstellationen oder bei hinreichend langen Kanälen wächst die Grenzschicht in den Bereich der turbulenten Seitenwandschichten hinein. Durch den turbulenten Quertransport des Fluids wird der Wärmeübergang gesteigert. Die Wärmeübertragungsverbesserung kann um den Faktor 2 höher sein als bei einer laminaren MHD-Strömung

Radial Turbine Preliminary Aerodynamic Design Optimization for Expander Cycle Liquid Rocket Engine

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77123/1/AIAA-2006-5046-301.pd

Junior Recital: Wayne Montag, Clarinet; Kay Shroyer, Piano; Linda Mack, Piano; Frank Schwarzwalder, Violin; Terry Jares, Violin; April 20, 1975

Hayden AuditoriumSunday EveningApril 20, 19757:00 p.m

Ambient Air Pollution and Atherosclerosis in Los Angeles

Associations have been found between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The contribution of air pollution to atherosclerosis that underlies many cardiovascular diseases has not been investigated. Animal data suggest that ambient particulate matter (PM) may contribute to atherogenesis. We used data on 798 participants from two clinical trials to investigate the association between atherosclerosis and long-term exposure to ambient PM up to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)). Baseline data included assessment of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. We geocoded subjects’ residential areas to assign annual mean concentrations of ambient PM(2.5). Exposure values were assigned from a PM(2.5) surface derived from a geostatistical model. Individually assigned annual mean PM(2.5) concentrations ranged from 5.2 to 26.9 μg/m3 (mean, 20.3). For a cross-sectional exposure contrast of 10 μg/m3 PM(2.5), CIMT increased by 5.9% (95% confidence interval, 1–11%). Adjustment for age reduced the coefficients, but further adjustment for covariates indicated robust estimates in the range of 3.9–4.3% (p-values, 0.05–0.1). Among older subjects (≥60 years of age), women, never smokers, and those reporting lipid-lowering treatment at baseline, the associations of PM(2.5) and CIMT were larger with the strongest associations in women ≥60 years of age (15.7%, 5.7–26.6%). These results represent the first epidemiologic evidence of an association between atherosclerosis and ambient air pollution. Given the leading role of cardiovascular disease as a cause of death and the large populations exposed to ambient PM(2.5), these findings may be important and need further confirmation